Dr. Conor Collins and colleagues at St. Vincent's University Hospital in Dublin cited the four most common cancers imaged with PET/CT:

  • lymphoma: staging, treatment evaluation, and assessment of recurrence
  • non-small cell lung cancer: preoperative staging and assessment of recurrence
  • colorectal cancer: preoperative staging in patients with hepatic metastases and assessment of possible recurrence
  • esophageal cancer: preoperative staging, evaluation of treatment response, and assessment of recurrence

Utilization of PET/CT is also increasing in patients with melanoma and cancers of extracranial head and neck, breast, testes, and cervix, Collins said.

He noted that important underlying questions remain about PET/CT, despite its accuracy. What is its impact on patient management? Is it cost-effective? Are there other less expensive imaging alternatives that would provide the same information?

One area where FDG-PET has no role is prostate cancer, he said, though other radiotracers such as fluorine-18 choline and F-18 ethylcholine show promise in the prostate. Research is ongoing into new tracers for specific organs or cellular signatures. These include F-18 ethyltyrosine for brain tumors, F-18 thymidine for cellular proliferation, F-18 DOPA for endocrine tumors, and copper-60 ATSM for cellular hypoxia.

Dr. Philipp A. Kaufmann, director of nuclear cardiology at University Hospital Zurich, discussed PET/CT and SPECT/CT in cardiac imaging. Kaufmann was the senior investigator in a study that produced the Society of Nuclear Medicine's 2006 Image of the Year. The image illustrated perfusion SPECT/CT's importance for assessing low-risk patients with suspected myocardial infarction. The addition of SPECT to CT angiography data increases specificity, mainly the ability to identify the vessel responsible for causing ischemia, he said.

SPECT/CT and PET/CT certainly present the opportunity for a "one-stop shopping approach" for cardiac imaging, Antoch said. But he added that these hybrid imaging modalities are not the last word. While future developments may make cardiac MRI a strong competitor when imaging morphology and function in a single session, research into PET/MR hybrid scanners could round out the playing field.

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