Ultrasound

Ultrasound could stand in for MRI in evaluating muscle atrophy in diabetic patients, with the advantage of being a bedside tool, according to Danish researchers.

Three-D ultrasound designed for cardiac imaging may be just what interventionalists need to improve the administration of nerve blocks, according to researchers at the Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, FL.

Researchers at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston have developed a PET/CT database of clinical data that are not usually available through conventional PACS and HIS/RIS.

The birthplace of hand-carried ultrasound is now grooming another innovative development, this one using ultrasound in therapy rather than diagnosis.

Sonographic measurements of kidney length can provide valuable information about kidney function in transplant patients and donors, according to a study by Italian researchers. Kidney length correlated with glomerular filtration rate, the gold standard for measuring kidney function.

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This month’s review includes a study that compared several sonography-based techniques to determine which one is the best suited for the detection and characterization of breast tumors. We also found an interesting paper comparing 3D sonography and MRI for the quantitative assessment of lung volumes in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernias. In a different study, Chinese researchers used contrast-enhanced ultrasound to pick the best candidates for radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinomas. We also found a study by U.S. researchers who evaluated Doppler sonography’s usefulness to diagnose hepatic artery thrombosis in adult patients who have undergone liver transplantation. And we suggest browsing a study by Spanish investigators who propose 3D sonography as a reproducible test for the classification of adnexal masses.

To those who sit at an ultrasound console, the probe they twist and slide into position is the means to an end. For most, it is a clinical end. But, increasingly, ultrasound is being mobilized not to diagnose but to entertain and even to persuade.

Ultrasound-guided radiofrequency is generally a safe treatment for liver masses and carries an acceptable level of risk, but patients with large tumors and baseline liver function impairment have a higher risk of complications, according to researchers in Taiwan.

The Society of Radiographers in the U.K. has published a guidance to help prevent work-related musculoskeletal disorders, the most common work-related illness in Britain.

Researchers in Japan have found contrast-enhanced ultrasound with advanced dynamic flow is a highly sensitive way of showing intestinal ischemia in patients with bowel obstruction and very useful for diagnosing the condition. They found diminished and absent color signals during ultrasound exams indicated the presence of intestinal ischemia.

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After absorbing the details contained in 924 pages, analysts are finding reasons for both optimism and caution regarding the proposed 2008 Physician Fee Schedule from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Radiologists may immediately focus on its 9.9% rate reduction, but the mammoth document also lays out sweeping reforms covering the hot points of alleged kickback and self-referral abuses.

Second-generation contrast agents reveal the healing process, as injured muscle tissue in professional athletes grows new blood vessels and repairs muscle damage. Ultrasound scans performed at regular intervals after injury allowed researchers to monitor the repair process and estimate when the athletes could safely return to full activity, potentially reducing relapses and complications.

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The Children’s Health and Medicare Protection Act of 2007 may look like straightforward legislation to reauthorize a popular healthcare insurance program for poor children, but major reforms directed at medical imaging and the healthcare system as a whole are embedded in the bill passed by the House of Representatives Aug. 1.

Big-ticket items are suffering this year as reimbursement cuts resulting from the Deficit Reduction Act have had a wider and longer lasting effect than initially expected. Particularly hard hit has been PET/CT. The hybrid juggernaut had defied the odds for several years, marching forward with ever higher sales despite utilization rates at individual sites that allowed plenty of unused capacity.

The 2007 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine meeting looked backed at past accomplishments and forward to innovations that will define future MRI practice. The meeting, jointly sponsored with the European Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine and Biology, was held in Berlin May 19 to 25, two months after the death of Paul Lauterbur, Ph.D., a key figure in the invention of MRI.

Plaque rupture is the main cause of acute coronary syndromes, which are associated with high mortality and morbidity. The prevalence of plaque rupture in acute coronary syndrome is more than 70%.1 Rupture-prone plaques are characterized by a large core of extracellular lipid with a thin fibrous cap (Figure 1). Inflammation, particularly in the plaque shoulder, causes the fibrous cap to thin and results in disruption of the atherosclerotic plaque.

righam and Women's Hospital researchers have shown that MR-guided focused ultrasound surgery reduces the painful symptoms of uterine leiomyomas for at least a year after treatment. Better technique and growing experience with the minimally invasive procedure have improved its effectiveness and safety while helping physicians with patient selection.

New research suggests ultrasound won’t cut it as a substitute adjunct study for screening women at high risk for breast cancer.

Parenteral drug abuse is relatively uncommon in Singapore compared with other forms of substance abuse.1 The recent trend, however, of addicts injecting self-dissolve tablets with other drugs, bringing risk of serious limb morbidity, is causing concern.

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Endoscopic ultrasound has been shown to provide better information than CT for the staging of esophageal carcinoma. Only certain tumors can be successfully removed, so knowing the stage of cancer is vital to preparing the most effective treatment plan, especially when considering neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Legislation proposing accreditation for most medical imaging modalities has been caught up in a fight between Capitol Hill and the White House over the renewal of federal healthcare insurance subsidies for poor children.

For nearly a decade, radiologists have used breast ultrasound as an adjunct to x-ray mammography to avoid unnecessary biopsies in equivocal cancer cases. Now ultrasound innovations that increase image resolution while decreasing operator dependence are reflected in a study published in the July issue of Radiology.

Volumetric imaging may be the key to an emerging opportunity for ultrasound in anesthesiology. Researchers at the Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, FL, adapted real-time echocardiography to produce 3D images of nerves, clearing the way for faster and more accurate nerve blocks using local anesthesia.

Traditional ultrasound has long been used to take bladder measurements of fetuses as early as 11 to 14 weeks gestation, including length and echogenicity. But measurement of bladder volume has tended to be inaccurate because of the limited algorithms for estimating volume using a 2D image. Fetal urine production rate can also be tricky to evaluate with 2D ultrasound.

An advanced beamforming algorithm called the Time-domain Optimized Near-field Estimator (TONE) substantially improves the contrast and resolution of ultrasound images, according to its developers, a group of biomedical engineers at the University of Virginia School of Engineering and Applied Science.

Cervical length measured by transvaginal ultrasound is a better predictor of vaginal delivery within 60 hours after labor induction than the traditional Bishop score. Researchers in Spain compared the two methods in deciding when to use prostaglandin and oxytocin to induce labor.