Cryoablation of kidney tumors is safe alternative to surgery

Percutaneous cryoablation is a safe method for treating kidney tumors in selected patients who are not considered candidates for surgery, according to a new study by researchers from the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN, and presented at the annual meeting of the American Roentgen Ray Society.

For the study, researchers treated 59 kidney tumors in 58 patients using percutaneous cryoablation. The researchers found that the tumors were destroyed in 57 of the 59 cases. After an average follow-up of nine months for the 42 tumors that were available to the researchers, no tumor progression was found.

The traditional treatment for kidney tumors has been surgery.

"A relative drawback of surgery is its invasiveness, where a large incision or several smaller incisions are required. Recovery for surgery may be prolonged for weeks. By contrast, percutaneous cryoablation is performed through small nicks in the skin, and the patient is dismissed from the hospital within 24 hours with a few bandages," said Dr. Thomas Atwell, one of the authors of the study.

The procedure is performed while the patient is under general anesthesia. Using real-time ultrasound for guidance, one or more cryoprobes are placed through the skin into the kidney tumor. The tumor is then frozen over the course of about 30 minutes.

"We can literally watch the evolving ice-ball grow from the cryoprobes and encompass the tumor," Atwell said. "The freezing temperatures destroy the tumor cells and, based on short-term follow-up, results in complete destruction of the tumor in over 95% of cases."

Not all tumors are amenable to cryoablation, usually because the tumor lies too close to critical abdominal organs that could be injured by the ice-ball or because of the tumor's size. For this study, the researchers were able to treat tumors up to 7 cm.

"Based on our early experience, percutaneous kidney cryoablation appears to provide an important alternative method of kidney tumor treatment for select patients. Longer term follow-up will be necessary to determine true treatment durability," Atwell said.