Case submitted by Sweta J. Patel, M.D., via

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 Known case of Thalassemia with classical findings on skull -- "hair-on-end" appearance on lateral skull X-ray.

Key findings that can be typically seen in the skull are hair-on-end appearance, widening of the diploic space, thinning of the inner, as well as outer, skull table. These features are not always all present. 

In addition, there may be other radiographic findings and changes in the facial bones, ribs, and other bones throughout the body. Marrow proliferation results in changing of bony structures and thinning of the cortex.

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Patient presents with this skull radiograph.  What is your diagnosis?

Image IQ Quiz: Patient Presents with Hair-on-End Appearance