Disease Spotlight: Prostate Cancer

Sixty-five percent of patients with newly diagnosed high-risk prostate cancer may have extraprostatic extension on MRI, and PSMA PET/CT findings suggest those with Gleason scores of eight or higher have more than double the risk of metastasis, according to a new study presented at the European Congress of Radiology (ECR).

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In a recent assessment of PI-RADS upgrading rules, researchers found that ignoring the upgrading rules would lead to one missed diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer per 5.5 biopsies avoided with MRI-focused risk pathways.

In an analysis of repeat prostate cancer screening, researchers noted no suspicious MRI findings for over 86 percent of men who had PSA levels of 3 ng/mL or greater at a second prostate cancer screening.

A multivariable model that includes mpMRI and blood testing assessment of prostate extracellular vesicles had a significantly higher AUC and sensitivity rate than mpMRI alone for predicting clinically significant prostate cancer, according to research presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology Genitourinary Cancers Symposium (ASCO-GU).

Patients with localized high-risk prostate cancer and midline radiotracer activity in the prostate had over double the incidence of urethral hyperintensity on T2W MRI, according to research presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Genitourinary Cancers Symposium (ASCO-GU).

For patients with recurrent prostate cancer, PET scanning with 18F-flotufolastat led to major changes in treatment for 80 percent of patients and 75 percent of patients with a changed treatment focus to watchful waiting had negative scans, according to new research presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Genitourinary Cancers Symposium (ASCO-GU).

Researchers found that a positive target of MRI led to a threefold increased risk for Gleason Grading Group (GGG) upgrading after radical prostatectomy in patients with low prostate cancer risk.

The use of actinium-225 PSMA radioligand therapy led to PSA level decreases of at least 50 percent in 57 percent of patients and a median progression-free survival rate of 7.9 months in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), according to newly published research.

A model that combines multiparametric MRI findings with clinical factors may enhance the accuracy of predicting clinically significant prostate cancer and significantly reduce unnecessary systematic prostate biopsies in biopsy-naïve patients.

Catch up on the most well-viewed prostate imaging content from 2023.

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The use of 68Ga-RM2 PET/MRI demonstrated a 35 percent higher sensitivity rate than MRI alone for the diagnosis of biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer, according to research recently presented at the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) conference.

Follow-up MRI imaging one year after transurethral ultrasound ablation revealed approximately 50 percent decreases in prostate volume and median PSA density, according to recently presented research findings at the 2023 Society of Urologic Oncology (SUO) Annual Meeting.

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Utilizing a deep learning-based AI algorithm to differentiate between diagnostic and non-diagnostic quality of prostate MRI facilitated a 10 percent higher specificity rate for diagnosing extraprostatic extension on multiparametric MRI, according to research presented at the recent RSNA conference.

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In a newly published meta-analysis of 24 studies, researchers noted that the PSMA PET radiotracer 18F PSMA-1007 may provide more benefit than 68Ga Ga-PSMA-11 for primary staging of patients with prostate cancer and detection of local lesion recurrence, but also has drawbacks with higher liver uptake and multiple reports of false positive bone lesions.

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Fifty-seven percent of patients with prostate cancer diagnosed with osseous metastases on bone scans had negative findings on PSMA PET imaging, according to findings from an international multicenter comparative study.

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The Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) Category III code for the Unfold AI prostate cancer mapping platform can be utilized by radiologists starting in July 2024.

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Emerging research findings suggest that a longer prostatic urethral length on MRI is associated with a 70 percent increased risk of grade >2 acute urinary toxicity after radiotherapy for prostate cancer.

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In a study of 355 multiparametric prostate MRI exams from a total of 71 scanners from 41 facilities in 18 countries, researchers found that only 23 scanners achieved a PI-QUAL score of 5 for optimal image quality.

In a recently published literature review, researchers examined the potential impact of advanced sequences, scanners, patient preparation and AI on image quality for prostate MRI exams.

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In a recent video interview, Ashesh Jani, M.D., discussed a subset analysis from the SPOTLIGHT trial that examined the utility of the PET PSMA agent flotufolastat F 18 (Posluma) for detecting prostate cancer recurrence in men with low PSA levels lower than 1 ng/mL.

Catch up on the top radiology news of the past week.